Getting to Know Sublingual, Drugs Put Under the Tongue to Overcome Emergency Conditions

 Getting to Know Sublingual, Drugs Put Under the Tongue to Overcome Emergency Conditions

Drugs that are taken or put through an IV you may have often encountered. Did you know that there are drugs that are given by placing it under the tongue? This type of drug is called a sublingual drug. 


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sublingual medicine
Sublingual drugs are usually given so that the drug is absorbed more quickly by the body
Drugs that are taken or put through an IV you may have often encountered. Did you know that there are drugs that are given by placing it under the tongue? This type of drug is called a sublingual drug. 
What exactly are sublingual drugs and how do they work? Check out the full review below. 

What is sublingual medicine?

Sublingual is a way of administering the drug put it under the tongue and silence it. Sublingual drug administration aims to make the drug more easily and quickly absorbed by the body. Sublingual medications are usually available as tablets, sprays, or membrane tablets. An example of a sublingual drug is isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), which is a drug to treat chest pain in heart disease. Other examples of sublingual drugs include:
  • Gliceryl trinitrate
  • Buprenorphine
  • Lorazepam
  • Zolpidem tartrate
  • Asenapine 
Not all drugs can be administered sublingually. Some considerations of doctors giving sublingual drugs to patients include:
  • Emergency conditions that require drugs to enter the body quickly 
  • Difficulty swallowing medication 
  • The drug does not absorb well in the stomach 
  • The effect of the drug will be reduced in the digestive tract. 
How sublingual drugs work 
Sublingual drugs that are placed under the tongue work by being absorbed directly into the blood vessels through the tissue under the tongue. 
The area under the tongue has many capillaries. When under the tongue, the drug can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream without going through the digestive system . Thus, the effects of sublingual drugs are felt by the body more quickly. That is why, sublingual drug administration is usually done in emergency conditions, for example a heart attack, which requires a quick reaction. Quoted from the International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science , there are several things that affect the way drugs work or the effectiveness of sublingual drug administration, including:
  • Lipophilicity of the drug , i.e. the drug must have a rather high lipophilicity, meaning that the drug is capable of being fat soluble so that it is easily absorbed completely.
  • pH and pKa levels of saliva , i.e. the pH of saliva must be 6 and pKa >2 for acids and <10 for bases in order to absorb completely
  • The thickness of the oral epithelium . The thinner the epithelium or outer layer of the oral cavity is usually better absorbed
  • Oil-to-water partition coefficient , i.e. a drug having an oil-to-water partition coefficient of 40-2000 is considered sublingually optimal 
  • Solubility in saliva, i.e. the drug must be soluble in the aqueous buccal fluid required for absorption

Advantages and disadvantages of sublingual drug administration 

Doctors certainly have considerations in giving sublingual drugs to patients. As with any other route of administration, there are advantages and disadvantages to sublingual medication that you may need to discuss with your doctor.The following are some of the advantages and disadvantages of sublingual drug administration: The advantages of sublingual drug administration:
  • Drug absorption is faster so it can be used in emergency conditions
  • Reduces the work of the liver in drug metabolism 
  • Can use low doses with the same results as oral drugs
  • No need to swallow medicine 
Disadvantages of sublingual drug administration:
  • The effectiveness of the drug is easily influenced by eating, drinking, or smoking
  • Not suitable for the use of drugs that require a slow process in use
  • Possible irritation due to exposure to the drug when there is an open wound in the area under the tongue 
READ ALSO: 12 Types of Drugs and Their Classes According to Use

Notes from SehatQ

Sublingual is a method of administering medication by placing it under the tongue. Sublingual drug administration aims to make the drug more quickly absorbed through the blood vessels so that it reacts more quickly to the body. ISDN is an example of a sublingual drug given for cardiac arrest . Not all drugs can be administered sublingually and not all patients can do so. There needs to be careful consideration from the doctor regarding your condition. That's why, consult a doctor if you smoke or have open sores in the mouth. This is to prevent side effects and maintain the effectiveness of the drug. 

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